Dr. Hans Sennholz
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June 29, 2007
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DR. HANS SENNHOLZ HAS DIED
Professor Hans Sennholz, a great
man and good friend, died on Saturday, June 23, at the age of 85.
I had the privilege of knowing Dr. Sennholz and his wonderful wife, Mary,
for many years.
Indeed, my daughter, Amanda, went to Grove City College at my request
because of my high regard for Dr. Sennholz and his role as head of the
Economics Department at the college. Although Amanda did not become an
economist, while at Grove City she met an excellent husband, her classmate
Brian Lants.
As reported by Lew Rockwell, "Hans F. Sennholz is one of the handful of
economists who dared defend free markets and sound money during the dark
years before the Misesian revival, and to do so with eloquence, precision,
and brilliance. From his post at Grove City College, and his lectures around
the world, he has produced untold numbers of students who look to him as the
formative influence in their lives. He has been a leading public voice for
freedom in times when such voices have been exceedingly rare.
"This much is well known about him. But there are other aspects to his
life and career you may not know. Sennholz was the first student in the
United States to write a dissertation and receive a PhD under the guidance
of Ludwig von Mises. Mises had only recently completed Human Action.
Imagine how having such an outstanding student, and a native German speaker
no less, must have affected Mises’s life, how it must have encouraged him to
know that his work could continue through outstanding thinkers such as this.
…
"When Sennholz began studying with Mises, it would still be another
twelve years before Rothbard’s Man, Economy, and State would appear,
and nearly a quarter century before Kirzner’s Competition and
Entrepreneurship would be published. Sennholz provided exactly what was
needed: that crucial bridge from the prewar School to the postwar School in
America, where the Austrian School would now make its home.
"His dissertation became the book, How Can Europe Survive,
published in 1955. It remains the best and most complete critique of
European political union every written. Sennholz demonstrated, some
fifty years before others even cared, that political union under the
interventionist-welfare state was only a prescription for chaos and
bureaucrat rule. True union, he demonstrated, comes from free trade and
decentralized states that do not attempt to plan their economies.
"Europe today has a burgeoning movement of intellectuals who realize this
same things, and are working to curb the power of Brussels even as they
attempt to preserve the free-trade zone. But we must remember that Sennholz
anticipated this critique and agenda by nearly five decades. By taking a
detailed look at all the programs for unification that were then being
batted around, he saw precisely what was ahead for Europe: not prosperity
and peace, but stagnation and conflict. So it is and will continue to be, so
long as Sennholz’s final chapters, which present a Sennholz followed up this
treatise, which included an account of the Great Depression and the onset of
war, with a long string of trenchant writings on monetary theory and
history, on employment, on fiscal policy, and even on the moral basis of
freedom. Truly he followed in Mises’s footsteps, and, like Mises, he refused
to let the ideological hostility of his age and ours deter him from speaking
truth to power, using every means at his disposal.
"Let me provide one example of just how he carries the torch. During the
1980s, much like today, there were two camps on fiscal policy: the left,
which wanted more spending and no tax cuts, and the supply-siders who wanted
tax cuts plus spending increases. Sennholz became the voice for sanity: in
Misesian terms, he called for tax cuts to be matched by spending cuts.
"In doing so, he dismissed the magic fiscal dust called ‘dynamic scoring’
as well as the socialist demand for bigger government, while warning against
the dangers of inflationary finance. Here was a hero of fiscal conservatism!
During the early eighties, too, he wrote an extended Austrian critique of
supply side that anticipated all future trends of the decade. …
"Sennholz acquired Mises’s papers for Grove City College, where they have
been guarded as the treasures they are. He made Grove City stand out among
American colleges as one of the few places where economic sense was taught
during the heyday of Keynesian orthodoxy."
Dr. Gary North wrote the following, "Hans Sennholz died at the age of 85.
He was one of four men who earned his Ph.D. in economics under Ludwig von
Mises at New York University. (The others were George Riesman, Israel
Kirzner, and Louis Spadaro.) …
"In a collection of essays written in honor of Sennholz where he returned
from full-time teaching at age 70, A Man of Principle (Grove City
College, 1992), I wrote of his influence as a transmitter of Mises’
economics to a younger generation: mine. I stressed the fact that for 37
years, he had served as the chairman of the economics department at Grove
City College. He taught undergraduates at a Presbyterian four-year college
who name sounded like a community college.
"Grove City College was the perfect school for Sennholz. Its primary
donor was oil magnate J. Howard Pew, who recommended that Sennholz be hired
in 1955. Throughout the twentieth century, Pew’s Sun Oil Company had
withstood competition from Rockefeller’s oil companies and had prospered.
Pew was a dedicated Presbyterian layman who was happy to have Lutheran
Sennholz run the economics department. Pew also provided the funding for
Christian Economics, a fortnightly tabloid sent out to every Protestant
minister in the country free of charge. Sennholz often wrote for it.
"Teaching undergraduates, except in approximately two-dozen elite private
colleges, is regarded by the academic guild as drudgery that is justifiable
only because it is the required path to teaching graduate students. As for
teaching introductory, lower division courses, this is a task assigned to
untenured assistant professors, who have a team of graduate students to
grade the exams, grade the term papers (if any), and lead the discussion
groups. Not at Grove City College. Sennholz always took his turn teaching
the introductory economics course, as did ever member of the department,
none of whom was ever granted tenure. …
"In addition to teaching four classes every term, Sennholz also wrote.
The volume of his output was legendary by 1990. He wrote for The Freeman,
American Opinion, and dozens of other free market publications. He wrote
over 500 articles, plus 17 books. Yet he was unknown by the economics guild.
He did not publish in the unread and generally unreadable professional
journals that serve as the career stepping-stones to tenure at the major
universities. …
"The Keynesians’ only academic rivals – just barely – in the free market
camp in 1955 were Chicago School economists, who taught that fewer
government officials, operating with the support of economists with a
government-licensed printing press, alone can bring economic stability to a
capitalist economy.
"Sennholz denied both positions. Extending the insight of Mises’ 1920
essay on the impossibility of rational economic calculation in a socialist
economy, Sennholz denied the possibility of socially rational intervention
by government planners, whether they coerce people through taxation,
regulation, or counterfeiting. He defended the freedom of contract, the gold
coin standard, the abolition of the Federal Reserve System, and the
de-funding of the welfare state."
"Sennholz began his teaching career at Iona College in New Rochelle,
N.Y., and continued at Grove City College in Grove City, Pa. In 37 years of
teaching, he instructed some 10,000 students. At Grove City College, he also
conducted a graduate program for International College in Los Angeles,
conferring Master’s and Doctor’s degrees. During his vacations he went on
lecture tours often flying his own plane and addressing audiences from coast
to coast.
"Upon retirement from Grove City College at the age of 70, Sennholz
assumed the presidency of the Foundation for Economic Education in
Irvington, New York. In just five years, he revived the defunct organization
through economy and productivity. He celebrated its 50th
anniversary with Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as its festive speaker. He
retired as President Emeritus at the age of 75.
"Sennholz was a prolific writer on economic, social, and political
thought and issues. His writing career began with articles in the Cologne
Rundschau in Germany. It continued with essays and articles in opinion
journals throughout the English-speaking world. In more than 1,000
publications, including seventeen books and booklets, he covered nearly
every aspect of contemporary thought. In retirement, he continued to publish
on the Internet which circulated his work throughout the world. His web site
counted more than 12 million international return visits.
"Sennholz was the recipient of several honors. He was an Honorary Citizen
of Lubbock, Texas, and of House, Texas; Honorary Colonel of New Mexico,
Honorary Doctor of Universidad Francisco Marroquin in Guatemala; Honorary
Doctor of Laws of Culver-Stockton College in Canton, Missouri; and Honorary
Doctor of Laws of Grove City College in Grove City, PA. He received the Gary
G. Schlarbaum Award for Liberty, and was the recipient of a festschrift with
contributions by 36 authors.
"He is survived by Mary, his wife of 52 years, his son and
daughter-in-law, Robert and Lyn, and two grandsons, Roland and Emil."
U.S. Institute for Peace
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June 28, 2007
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BIRDS OF A FEATHER FLOCK
TOGETHER
Former Secretary of State George Shultz and the U.S.
Institute for Peace (USIP) have been on the wrong side of important issues
for decades.
The USIP, one of Ronald Reagan’s biggest mistakes, is
subsidized by the American taxpayer to promote a variety of left-wing
initiatives.
According to the May/June 2007 edition of PeaceWatch
published by the USIP, "The U.S. Institute of Peace has received a $10
million contribution from the Chevron Corporation to help construct its new
permanent headquarters at the northwest corner of the National Mall in
Washington, D.C. The headquarters will serve as a national center of
innovation for research, education, training, and policy and program
development on international conflict prevention, management, and
resolution.
"The Institute plans to name the great hall at the new
building the George P. Shultz Great Hall, in honor of the former U.S.
secretary of state. The theater in the Public Education Center will be
identified as the Chevron Theater. Speaking at a dinner at which those plans
were announced, Institute president Richard Solomon affirmed,
‘Chevron’s support for the Institute’s new headquarters project comes at a
significant moment….[The new building] will increase the Institute’s
capacity and our ability to reach out to the American public and the world.’
…
"J. Robinson West, the chair of the Institute’s
board, addressed Secretary Shultz directly in his speech at the dinner.
‘Having the great hall of the Institute’s permanent headquarters bear your
name is an honor and a privilege for the organization. It will serve as a
lasting tribute to you on the National Mall for your many contributions in
public service.’
"Chevron chairman and CEO David O’Reilly lauded the
Institute at the dinner. ‘Chevron’s contribution is an investment in the
global peacebuilding efforts of the U.S. Institute of Peace.’ He noted that
the Institute is making a difference around the world through conflict
resolution efforts and post-conflict stability programs. ‘These initiatives
are very much aligned with Chevron’s own approach, which is focused on
building the human and institutional capacity of communities wherever we
operate,’ said O’Reilly. ‘I am also delighted that the Institute of Peace
has taken this opportunity to honor George Shultz for his tireless efforts
in the cause of international diplomacy.’
"Numerous dignitaries praised Secretary Shultz at the
dinner; among them were former secretary of state Henry Kissinger and
former Institute board chairman Max Kampelman. National
Security Adviser Stephen Hadley delivered an encomium on behalf of
President George W. Bush, saying that Shultz ‘embodies the finest
values of our country,’ and that as secretary of state he demonstrated that
"our nation’s strength makes our nation’s diplomacy more effective….and that
freedom is the world’s most powerful force for promoting lasting peace and
security.’…
"Shultz served as secretary of labor and secretary of the
treasury under President Nixon and as secretary of state under President
Reagan. He was also president of Bechtel Corporation from 1974 to 1982."
Lest we forget, Chevron, aided by troops provided by Fidel
Castro, had a lot to do with the consolidation of power by the
Marxist-Leninist dictatorship of Jose Eduardo dos Santos in Angola, and did
much to undercut the great pro-American freedom fighter Dr. Jonas Savimbi.
Shultz who has served on the Chevron board, along with other
Republican VIPs, including former HUD Secretary Carla Hills and present
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, has exhibited indifference to the
conflicts of interest affecting his governance of U.S. foreign policy.
Robin West, Chairman of the USIP board, was a colleague of
mine when we both served on the staff of the Republican National Committee
in the 1960’s.
Top Priority Action Items
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June 11, 2007
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SUCCESSFUL REJECTION OF NAU, UNLOST, AND AMNESTY
REQUIRES YOUR ACTIVE PARTICIPATION
There are three top priority issues in which patriotic Americans ought to
become actively involved – – – in each case, contacting members of the U.S.
House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate.
These three are:
-
building support for House Concurrent Resolution 40 in opposition to the
North American Union (NAU),
-
opposition to ratification of the Bush-pushed United Nations Law of the
Sea Treaty (UNLOST), and
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opposition to the Bush-Kennedy-McCain-Kyl-Lott-Graham amnesty for illegal
aliens legislation.
(1) House Concurrent Resolution 40 states:
"the United States should not engage in the construction of a North
American FreeTrade Agreement (NAFTA) Superhighway System"; and
"the United States should not allow the Security and Prosperity
Partnership (SPP) to implement further regulations that would create a North
American Union with Mexico and Canada."
Current co-sponsors of this resolution introduced by Virginia Congressman
Virgil Goode are: John Boozman (R-AR), Barbara Cubin (R-WY), David Davis
(R-TN), Lincoln Davis (D-TN), John Duncan, Jr. R-TN), Virginia Foxx (R-NC),
Trent Franks (R-AZ), Scott Garrett (R-NJ), Phil Gingrey (R-GA), Duncan
Hunter (R-CA), Walter Jones, Jr. (R-NC), Steven LaTourette (R-OH), Jim
Marshall (D-GA), Thaddeus McCotter (R-MI), Charles Norwood (R-GA), Ron Paul
(R-TX), Ralph Regula (R-OH), Jim Saxton (R-NJ), Cliff Stearns (R-FL), Thomas
Tancredo (R-CO), Patrick Tiberi (R-OH), and Zach Wamp (R-TN).
(2) UNLOST which, in 2003, received a unanimous pro-ratification vote in
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee has been put on the front burner by
President Bush and his New World Order colleagues.
Among those Committee members who voted for UNLOST ratification in 2003
were: Lamar Alexander (R-TN), George Allen (R-VA), Sam Brownback (R-KS),
Lincoln D. Chafee (R-RI), Norm Coleman (R-MN), Michael B. Enzi (R-WY), Chuck
Hagel (R-NE), Richard G. Lugar (R-IN), John E. Sununu (R- NH), and George V.
Voinovich (R-OH).
Make no mistake: UNLOST is the means by which control of the
world’s oceans would come under the control of the United Nations and its
subordinate bureaucracies.
If the U.S. Senate ratifies the UNLOST treaty by a two-thirds vote, it
will give its own creation, the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the
power to regulate seven-tenths of the world’s surface area, a territory
greater than the Soviet Union ruled at its zenith. UNLOST would cede
sovereign control to the ISA over all the riches at the bottom of all the
world’s oceans.
UNLOST gives ISA the power to levy international taxes, one of the
essential indicia of sovereignty. This ISA power is artfully concealed
behind direct U.S. assessments and fees paid by corporations, plus permits
paid by the U.S. Treasury.
UNLOST gives ISA the power to regulate ocean research and exploration:
the power to deny U.S. companies access to strategic ocean minerals that we
need for our industries and military defense — access to resources that are
freely available to us today under customary international law.
UNLOST gives ISA the power to impose production quotas for deep-sea
mining and oil production so the United States could never become
self-sufficient in strategic materials.
UNLOST gives the ISA the power to create a multinational court system
called the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, and to enforce its
judgments.
The whole concept of putting the United States in the noose of another
one-nation-one-vote global organization, which reduces America to the same
vote as Cuba, is offensive to Americans. Like other aspirants to global
government (such as the World Trade Organization), the ISA has a
legislature, an executive, a bureaucracy, busybody commissions, and a
powerful court system.
The notion of signing a treaty that mandates military information-sharing
with our enemies plus technology transfers is not only dangerous — it’s
ridiculous. The treaty creates restrictions on our intelligence-gathering by
submarines, activities that are essential to our military security. And
UNLOST apparently doesn’t permit our stopping and searching on the high seas
any vessels suspected of transporting weapons of mass destruction.
We have almost everything we need to maintain our safety and economy, but
we lack some items that are essential to us in both war and peace such as
manganese, cobalt, bauxite, chromium, and platinum, and some of these are at
the bottom of the ocean.
The UN Law of the Sea Treaty is a trap that would compel the United
States to pay billions of private-enterprise dollars to an international
authority while socialist, anti-American nations harvest the profit. The
UNLOST would be a giant giveaway of American wealth, sovereignty, resources
needed to maintain our economy, capacity to defend ourselves, and even our
ships’ and submarines’ ability to gather intelligence necessary to our
national defense.
(3) Concerning the Bush-Kennedy-McCain-Kyl-Lott-Graham immigration bill,
my friend at the Heritage Foundation, Robert Rector, reports: "In FY 2004,
low-skill immigrant households received $30,160 per household in immediate
benefits and services (direct benefits, means-tested benefits, education,
and population-based services). In general, low-skill immigrant households
received about $10,000 more in government benefits than did the average U.S.
household, largely because of the higher level of means-tested welfare
benefits received by low-skill immigrant households.
"In contrast, low-skill immigrant households pay less in taxes than do
other households. On average, low skill immigrant households paid only
$10,573 in taxes in FY 2004. Thus, low-skill immigrant households received
nearly three dollars in immediate benefits and services for each dollar in
taxes paid."
Rector points out that "[I]mmigration policy has enormous fiscal
implications. … Illegal immigrants are predominantly low-skilled. Over time,
they impose large costs on the taxpayer. In 1986, the U.S. gave amnesty to 3
million illegal aliens in exchange for a prohibition on hiring illegals in
the future. While amnesty was granted, the law against hiring illegals was
never enforced in more than a token manner. As a result, there are now 11 to
12 million illegal immigrants in the U.S. Because the majority of illegal
immigrants come to the U.S. for jobs, serious enforcement of the ban on
hiring illegal labor would substantially reduce employment of illegal aliens
and encourage many to leave the U.S. Reducing the number of low-skill
illegal immigrants in the nation and limiting the future flow of illegal
immigrants will reduce future costs to the taxpayer.
"Granting amnesty to illegal immigrants would, over time, confer
entitlement to welfare, Social Security, and Medicare for the amnesty
recipients. This would be ruinously expensive to U.S. taxpayers. Similarly,
a modified amnesty such as the Z visa program proposed by President Bush,
would, almost certainly, over time result in entitlement of the Z visa
holders to welfare, Social Security, and Medicare; such a plan would be
nearly as expensive as forthright amnesty. Amnesty in any form would impose
serious fiscal costs. …
"Current legislative proposals that would grant amnesty to illegal
immigrants and increase future low-skill immigration would represent the
largest expansion of the welfare state in 30 years. Such proposals would
increase poverty in the U.S. in the short and long term and dramatically
increase the burden on U.S. taxpayers."
Of course, if the Constitution were followed, neither illegal immigrants
nor American citizens generally would be eligible for any of these so-called
"benefits" from the Federal government.
North American Union
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June 4, 2007
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EU’S PROBLEMS WOULD BE OURS UNDER NAU
One of the reasons the creation of a North American Union (NAU)
would have disastrous implications for the United States is mirrored in the
problems now faced by the European Union (EU) in its deliberations
concerning whether to admit Turkey to full membership in the 27-member EU.
Should the NAU be created, citizens of Mexico would be able
to travel at will throughout the United States with neither visa nor
passport.
As pointed out in the Wall Street Journal (5/7/07), "France,
with Mr. Sarkozy [the newly elected French President] in the
forefront, has also taken a lead in opposing Turkey’s prospective membership
in the EU, largely due to fears of giving more than 70 million Turks the
right to work throughout Europe."
Indian Tribal Sovereignty
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June 1, 2007
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TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY, ROOTED IN THE RESERVATION SYSTEM,
SHOULD BE CHALLENGED, NOT REINFORCED
During my tenure as Director of the United States Office of
Economic Opportunity (OEO) in 1973, Federal Indian programs were under my
jurisdiction.
Earlier, when I served on the staff of Vice President Spiro
Agnew, I worked closely with Bob Robertson, Agnew’s Director of the National
Council on Indian Opportunity (NCIO).
It always grieved me that Indian reservations had been
granted territorial sovereignty, as if they were separate nations within the
borders of the United States. Given the active involvement of
Marxist-Communist Indians, such as Dennis Banks and Russell Means, this
always seemed to me to be a problem waiting to happen.
For this reason, I unsuccessfully advocated the elimination
of the reservation system and the treatment of American Indians in the same
manner that other residents of the United States are to be treated.
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